Free Essays on Community Policing

Within the inner cities and places known to certain people as â€Å"the hood,†there has always been an area of dislike when it came to law enforcement officials. The people that I grew up with and around have always had a certain level of intolerance when it came to the cop vehicles that rode the streets at night, and the officers that were seen during the day. It never mattered how much crime took place within those areas, because the trust for police officers was smaller than the trust held by the criminals within that area. My parents have often held a certain dislike for law enforcement, seeing them as a necessity for certain situations, but the overall reaction towards them has continued to be the same. Cops are simply not trusted within black neighborhoods. This topic brings about a host of questions. Why is that? What can be done? How can this lack of trust be changed, if it can be at all? And this leads me to my subject matter. Within the course of our class, we have talked about a multiple of things that had to do with management within the Criminal Justice field. We have covered everything from courts, to lawyers, to management of prisons and jails. We have looked at how things are run at local, state and federal levels and the topics that most interested me were the ones on community relations and programs. Because I do have family members, friends, and peers alike, who hold law enforcement agents in such low regard, I decided focus my paper on policing black neighborhoods and how to establish a working relationship with those within that community. Since we were to focus on something that management would be a part of I felt that this was something that needed to be researched. Looking back on the history of how things have been in some neighborhoods, it’s not difficult to understand why certain people have distrust for the system at large. Since the beginning of the whole civil rights struggle in the 60’s there has... Free Essays on Community Policing Free Essays on Community Policing The movement toward community policing has gained a lot of strength in recent years. Police and community leaders search for more effective ways to increase the extent of awareness of public safety and the quality of life in their communities. We have accepted community policing in one police department after another, and agree community policing provides hope for the future of law enforcement. We can trace community policing back to Sir Robert Peel, the father of the modern police system, who said, "the police is the public and the public are the police"(Braiden). Community policing is the philosophy of policing supported by a number of principles to find the combination of agreement and accord where people live and work. It is this philosophy that attempts to refocus the essence of policing to a â€Å"Law Enforcement philosophy that tries to do two things: first bring police officers and citizens together in neighborhoods and second give the police responsibility for solving pro blems in the community† (Wilson). Community policing involves three elements; community partnership, problem solving and police culture. This pursuit can take many forms such as preventing and reducing crime and the fear of crime. Community policing encourages residents as well as police officers to get involved in the task of making the community safer. By making this effort the community has a greater chance to resist crime, reduce fear and attain a peaceful and secure place to live together. The first element of community policing is community partnership. Police must form partnerships with the residents, the private sector and government officials. Community partnership means adopting a police perspective that is above the normal emphasis on law enforcement. This may include individuals as well as organizations or agencies that share a common goal; shares responsibility, resources, rewards and risks and includes citizens of the local community and re... Free Essays on Community Policing Within the inner cities and places known to certain people as â€Å"the hood,†there has always been an area of dislike when it came to law enforcement officials. The people that I grew up with and around have always had a certain level of intolerance when it came to the cop vehicles that rode the streets at night, and the officers that were seen during the day. It never mattered how much crime took place within those areas, because the trust for police officers was smaller than the trust held by the criminals within that area. My parents have often held a certain dislike for law enforcement, seeing them as a necessity for certain situations, but the overall reaction towards them has continued to be the same. Cops are simply not trusted within black neighborhoods. This topic brings about a host of questions. Why is that? What can be done? How can this lack of trust be changed, if it can be at all? And this leads me to my subject matter. Within the course of our class, we have talked about a multiple of things that had to do with management within the Criminal Justice field. We have covered everything from courts, to lawyers, to management of prisons and jails. We have looked at how things are run at local, state and federal levels and the topics that most interested me were the ones on community relations and programs. Because I do have family members, friends, and peers alike, who hold law enforcement agents in such low regard, I decided focus my paper on policing black neighborhoods and how to establish a working relationship with those within that community. Since we were to focus on something that management would be a part of I felt that this was something that needed to be researched. Looking back on the history of how things have been in some neighborhoods, it’s not difficult to understand why certain people have distrust for the system at large. Since the beginning of the whole civil rights struggle in the 60’s there has...

3 Cases of Faulty Parallel Structure of Negation

3 Cases of Faulty Parallel Structure of Negation 3 Cases of Faulty Parallel Structure of Negation 3 Cases of Faulty Parallel Structure of Negation By Mark Nichol The following three sentences, each followed by a discussion and a revision, illustrate the problem with setting up a â€Å"neither . . . nor† construction or similar phrasing without careful attention to grammatical integrity. 1. â€Å"Data coming from third-party sources can neither be made to comply with the organization’s security guidelines nor can its authenticity be trusted.† The grammatical confusion in this sentence is akin to that in a sentence in which the wording of a phrase including â€Å"not only† and â€Å"but also† is incorrectly ordered. (Search â€Å"not only . . . but also† on this site for multiple posts about frequently erroneous construction of sentences that include those phrases.) A â€Å"neither . . . nor† construction is not valid when a repeated verb (such as can) follows it; use it (with neither moved after the verb phrase â€Å"made to†) only if a single instance of a verb will serve both phrases: â€Å". . . can be made to comply neither with the organization’s security guidelines nor its (something else).† But for this sentence, let cannot take the place of â€Å"can neither†: â€Å"Data coming from third-party sources cannot be made to comply with the organization’s security guidelines, nor can its authenticity be trusted.† 2. â€Å"He does not represent neither goodness nor kindness.† Here’s another misuse of the â€Å"neither . . . nor† construction. Here, it is redundant to not; use one or the other: â€Å"He does not represent (either) goodness or kindness† (either is optional) or â€Å"He represents neither goodness nor kindness.† 3. â€Å"Smith wasn’t lamenting the view, but the decision by Yosemite National Park to change the names of some of the world’s most beloved destinations.† As with the first example, this sentence’s problematic grammar resembles that often seen in the erroneous construction of a â€Å"not only . . . but also† statement. Here, the verb lamenting should split the contraction wasn’t so that the contrast is clearly stated in â€Å"not (this) but (that)† form: â€Å"Smith was lamenting not the view but the decision by Yosemite National Park to change the names of some of the world’s most beloved destinations.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:36 Adjectives Describing Light60 Synonyms for â€Å"Trip†Comma Before Too?

Tom's of Maine Toothpaste Branding Research Paper

Tom's of Maine Toothpaste Branding - Research Paper Example The paper outlines the benefits of Toms of Maine Toothpaste, how it relates to the target market and how the firm can use packaging and labeling to support its brand image. Toms of Maine toothpaste has many attributes and benefits. Specifically, the Toms of Maine botanically bright toothpaste bears distinct characteristics from the other toothpastes. It is a natural brand in the toothpaste market that whitens teeth and freshens breath. In addition, it can remove plague using ingredients derived from nature. Silica is one of its ingredients, and it contributes immensely in whitening the teeth. The brand incorporates exclusive blends or mixture of soothing botanicals that makes it a top quality product. Lastly, it lacks fluoride and paraben, and this makes it safer than the other toothpaste brands. The attributes and benefits of Toms of Maine toothpaste relate to the target market as it satisfies the demands of customers who dislike products containing artificial additives linked with the causation of cancer. These groups of individual have formed a market niche that Toms of Maine targets with its new brands that are free from artificial preservatives. For instance, Toms of Maine botanically bright toothpaste targets such upcoming market niches. In addition, There is a large market of customers suffering from the plague, bad breath, tarnishing teeth and other mouth conditions. The benefits and attributes outlined can give answers to these problems. Therefore, the attributes and benefits of Toms of Maine toothpaste serves to satisfy a large market that demands its sure impacts. Toms of Maine can use labeling and packaging to protect and promote the product as well as to provide additional value and aspects of differentiation. The three functionalities are instrumental in maintaining the image of the brand (Hirschman, 2010). The firms can ensure that it uses the right material for packaging its toothpastes. An excellent package protects the product

Reflection Paper on Romance on a Global Stage, by Nicole Constable Essay

Reflection Paper on Romance on a Global Stage, by Nicole Constable - Essay Example There are more than 350 matrimonial and dating websites on the internet that match the profiles of men and women with people from all over the globe and romantic union clearly demonstrates the amalgamation of the global community. Nicole Constable has discussed this aspect of the society in her unique study and compiled it in her book titled â€Å"Romance on a global stage: Pen pals, virtual ethnography and mail-order marriage’, where the substance of her prose focuses on real individuals in a romantic or matrimonial alliance with people in a different country and culture. (Constable, 2003, p. 198-208) The basic premise of the relationship centers on men from the west and eastern women; primarily Filipina or Chinese women. Constables work is not only based on theoretical evidences but also anecdotal that gives the readers a general insight into the matter. Marriage is one the most universal concepts and as mentioned earlier, as the internet is becoming more and more synonymou s with the world’s population, online relationships and mail-order marriages have become extremely common and as a result the differences between the value system between people belonging to various cultural backgrounds have become even more pronounced; however, the values have undergone a series of change in recent, as a result the global community has become more uniform. ... Online dating and mail-order marriage is a long-distance relationship, and couples are able to stay in touch only through the internet, telephone or the conventional method of writing letters to each other. (Piper & Roces, 2003) Sometimes, individuals also pay visits to their significant others in their home country until they finally immigrate. The cost involved is very high and often the immigration procedure takes a really long while due to rampant bureaucracy and red-tapism that further prolongs the waiting period for the husbands and their wives. During this time there are a number of issues that the couples face and must resolve in order to ensure a prosperous future together. The Asian women, who have applied for an American visa, have to endure the biting remarks of their peers that their husbands might have found someone else. Often officials working at the immigration office or INS are governed by their prejudices and biases towards various cultures and races and in order t o vent out their anger, they delay the procedure and make the wait longer for couples. In case of Freddie, who had a Filipina wife was subjected to the anger and frustration brought about by the immigration procedure due to the fact that the immigration had a personal grudge against people from the Philippines and thought they did not deserve to be allowed in the country. Their grudges and anger towards the race is a deep-seated one and has it origin in the country’s history whereby, Philippines chose independence instead of becoming a pert of the United States. However, the current economic situation of the country cause the people to move to America in pursuit of greener pasture but before that they have to face the immigration

Boredom - What Can Teens Do About It Essay Example for Free

Boredom What Can Teens Do About It Essay I have heard it time and again I am bored! . These words have came from the mouths of many teenagers. Sure, we have the libraries, the parks, the internet cafes, the malls all around us. Yet, we still hear many teenagers around us saying that they long for something completely different than the aforementioned something that caters more to their interests. So what can we do for these bored teenagers? You see, we have all the facilities etc. From bars to reacreational areas, places offering live music, a countless amount of shopping malls. Yet, teenagers are still bored. Thus I think it is crucial to ask the young people would like to do, then officials can plan their activities and build the venues accordingly. If we dont, we will face the risk of continually seeing teens loitering around at the back alley or even committing crimes. More town meetings and conferences involving teenagers is vital to planning activities that they will enjoy. To simply assume that these adolescents will benefit from certain activities without asking them first will leave the place with empty centers and businesses that alienate many teens. For example, business catering to teen hobbies could be set up to host events for teenagers. Perhaps they could create some kind of contest, that would offer various skatebored equipments and apparel as prizes. The contest could include what many teenagers would enjoy: Music and Food. This way, instead of wasting money to build expensive venues to provide entertainment to curb teenagers boredom, the money could be spent on setting up activities that can guarantee success as they cater to the wants of the teens through the survey, therefore this could be done for these bored teens. As the world grows, the technology advances and companies like Apple come out with creative new devices like iPhones and iPads. When teens get caught up by these addictive trends of using iPad and iPhone, they would love to access them and use the interesting applications everyday. However, eventually their interest does not last as they would get tired of doing the same thing of staring into the iPhone or iPad screen. Instead of investing time into things that are not of much productivity, and does not help them develop any useful skill, they could first try to be creative and explore their artistic side is really great when they have nothing else to do. They could think of what things in life are really exciting or interesting to them, and think of a way they could incorporate some aspect of those things into their alone time. Once they start doing something creative,they can always go back to it, and they will never be bored. For example, they could take some free time to learn how to play a music instrument, in particular an easier one that you could easily learn by themselves at home which would be a guitar. This would help them develop an appreciation for music of they could learn well and it would bring out the more artistic side of them, instead of wasting time and getting bored from blindly following the trends of using electronic devices. Doing anything creative like learning an instrument will be beneficial to your growth as a person, it will broaden your skills and perspective on life, and it will also be fun. It begins with a recognition that every circumstance, every activity, contains within it the potential to yield value, either to us or to someone else. If we insist on always being passively entertained by life, we will find ourselves bored by much of it. On the other hand, if we can transform that expectation into a determination to make an effort to create value at every moment, we can begin to make even the most mundane experience interesting. For example, we can start up a conversation with a friend and know more about them which would enhance the friendship between the both of them. One minute you will be bored ad the next minute you will be busy talking with your friend to kill time. Talking also makes us forget about the time passing without our realisation. This also allows us to be engaged in something rather than staring into space, doing nothing which would benefit them in one way or another. Talking enhances communication skills and at least, one can bond more with her friends which would make one less bored. Engaged in the conversation, new facts about one another rise up to create a stronger bond between them. This would benefit one rather than doing nothing and feeling bored. Another way could be to eliminate boredom by looking for any interesting or purposeful activity in which you will feel energetic and less bored. A question that one may like to consider would be to think of how the activity will benefit one befoe doing something when one feels bored. Communication would make one more open-minded and an extrovert. In conclusion, there are many ways to escape boredom. But the problem here is that teenagers now do not know how to kill time. If they invest enough time to do something worthwhile such as learning how to play a musical instrument or enhancing their communication skills by conversing with a friend, they will not find themselves getting bored. Teenagers should engage in activities that they know will entertain them. For example, an avid reader can find time to visit the library rather than staying at home and watch television or do something unproductive. Thus, teenagers should know themselves and what they like and take part in activities that interest them. This will solve the problem of teenagers being bored all the time.

The Methodological Role of the Concept :: Science Physics Research Papers

The Methodological Role of the Concept "Physical Vacuum" Science is entering the post-non-classical period characterized by evolutionary-synergistic types of rationality, the central moment of which is research of complex nonlinear systems. During the last few decades, physics has made a revolutionary turn toward new representations of the nature of elementary particles and has revealed unexpected features of the physical vacuum, with the evolving Universe having become the basic subject of study in physics. It is important to distinguish two basic aspects of the development of modern physics. First is that physics has closely approached the construction of unified theory. Second is that two branches of knowledge —physics of elementary particles and cosmology — have completely merged. This is most vividly displayed through the modern inflationary models of the evolution of the Universe, within the framework of which it is possible to solve most cosmological problems. The inflationary scenarios give a new look to the place of the physical vacuum in the structure of physics theory. This requires the methodological analysis of the problem of the physical vacuum and a definition of its status in the structure of nature science. I will therefore: 1) investigate the sociocultural origin of this fundamental concept by looking for the sources of the entry of the concept "vacuum" in the sciences; 2) study its functioning in the logic of scientific knowledge at the various stages of development in physics; and 3) develop more adequate definitions of this concept. The science is entering post non-classical period. This period is characterized with establishing evolutionary-synergetic type of rational. The central moment of which is research of complex nonlinear systems. The finest aspect of the appropriate consideration has the Universe as a self-organizing object. Cosmological aspect of formation of the new scientific research program, new paradigm in science, ontological formation of them in an adequate post-non-classical scientific picture of the world has the paramount meaning. It can be said that during the last two-three decades the physics has made a revolutionary turn on the way to the new representations of the nature of the elementary particles, and has revealed unexpected features of the physical vacuum. As a result that has determined evolving Universe as the basic subject of studying in physics. It is important to distinguish two basic aspects of development of modern physics. The first of them is, that the physics has closely app roached to the program of construction of the one theory of the field.

Relating to Teaching Personnel Essay

Providing for the professionalization of teachers, regulating their practice in the Philippines and for other purposes Whereas, the constitution provides that â€Å"all educational institutions shall be under the supervision of; and subject to regulation by, the state†, and requires that â€Å"the state shall establish and maintain a complete, adequate and integrated system of education relevant to the goals of national development†; Whereas, in the pursuit on these objectives, the department of education and culture has adopted ways and means of overseeing all the educational institutions in the country; Whereas, in recognition of the vital role of teachers in nation-building and as an incentive to raise the morale of teachers, it is imperative that they be considered as professionals and teaching be recognized as a profession. Now, therefore, i, Ferdinand e. Marcos, president of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers vested in me by the constitution, do hereby decree and order: Section 1. Title. – this decree shall be known as the decree professionalizing teaching. Section 2. Declaration of policy. it is hereby declared a policy that teacher education shall be given primary concern and attention by the government and shall be of the highest quality, and strongly oriented to Philippine conditions and to the needs and aspirations of the Filipino people even as it seeks enrichment from adoptable ideas and practices of other people. Section 3. Definition of terms. – as used in this decree, the following shall be construed as follows: (a) teaching refers to the profession primarily concerned with the classroom instruction, at the elementary and secondary levels, in accordance with the curriculum prescribed by national board of education, whether on part-time or full-time basis in the public or private schools. b) teachers refers to all persons engaged in teaching at the elementary and secondary levels, whether on a full-time or part-time basis, (c) board refers to the national board for teachers duly constituted under this decree. Section 4. Creation of the national board for teachers. – there is hereby created a national board for teachers, hereinafter called the board, to be composed of the Section 5. Powers and duties. – the board shall have the following powers and duties: Section 19. Effectivity. – this decree shall take effect january 1, 1977. Done in the city of manila, this 22nd day of se ptember, in the year of our lord, nineteen hundred and seventy-six.

The Role of the Actor in the Industry

There is not one precise route to becoming an actor but there is a common direction most aspirant actors take. Training for an actor can be acquired in numerous ways. An actor could be trained academically, through studio schools or through pure experience. The young actors’ career will undoubtedly begin with pure experience through small scale performances. The small scale performances could take place through school, outside social clubs or other children’s associations.To begin the larger scale experiences, the hopeful actor would customarily attempt to be represented by an agent. Gaining an agent at such an early stage in the actors’ career is rather difficult. Therefore, joining an organisation such as The Spotlight is habitually the route actors take. The Spotlight is a small organisation with a massive output. It is the hub of the industry where you advertise yourself, whether you have an agent or not. It is essential that you are in it – it is the first port of call for virtually everybody who is casting productions.(Dunmore, 1991, p. 35). In this research explains the necessity of being involved in The Spotlight organisation. It is explained as the ‘hub’ for getting jobs in the entire industry and is used by thousands of actors. Although the propaganda and necessity surrounding The Spotlight is endearing and unquestionably crucial, the cost behind it is another obstacle for ambitious actors. The academic training is the route most commonly followed as a start to the more professional acting career.The cost of studying in drama school is a very prevalent issue around Britain, especially due to the recently ascending expenses. Places such as ALRA, Arts Ed, Guildford School of Acting, Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts and Oxford School of Drama are only a small amount of the most popular schools around Britain. These particular schools offer Dance and Drama Awards to selected students. D&DAs are scholarships provid ed by the government to allow ‘the most talented students to attend independent Drama Schools.The D&DAs are usually offered to a small amount of students who would benefit from the training but cannot afford to pay the fees. (West, 2005, p. 11). Most actors will save up for years or be lucky enough to have a wealthy family willing to pay for the tuition fees. If not so lucky, an actor could write to an organisation/person to ask them to sponsor the actor through Drama College, providing the answer is positive the actor has received his tuition fees through being sponsored.Once the young actor has completed the training necessary, it is ordinarily required to obtain an agent. This is not essential, however â€Å"Once you’ve got a little bit of experience under your belt you’re ready to secure representation. It is not necessary for you to have an agent but an agent will offer you more opportunities than what you may have without one. † Westbrook (2012, p. 1 34). Gaining an agent, as stated previously is rather difficult to do.The actor could possibly send a letter to the agent asking the agent to represent the actor. This must be fulfilled once the agent is accepting unsolicited submissions. Other than writing a letter, the actor must make sure the agent sees the actor performing in a production and suggests an amalgamation. However, alas to common misconception the agent does not fulfil all of the work for the actor, the agent can only get auditions for the actor while the actor must get to the audition and obtain the part.An actor must be willing to deal with rejection, contrary to the popular stereotype of the ‘overnight celebrity’, an actor can struggle for years to break into the industry and never be noticed. The performer, like any other professional needs to put money aside to plan ahead for a successful career. The best way to proceed is to be able to devote yourself totally to the task of getting interviews and j obs without worrying about supporting yourself for at least the first six months. Once you’ve arrived and had a chance to unpack you can pay attention to the real  task, which is getting a job. (Henry and Rogers, 2008 p. 35).As clearly stated the main aspects in the path to becoming an actor is financial issues, due to the low employment level a lot of aspiring actors’ struggle for money and end up working more than one job to fund their career path. Harrop (1992, p. 26) exclaims, â€Å"For every Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor, there are a hundred actors in line at the unemployment office, and a hundred more waiting to stand and serve them in any restaurant in which they might want to sit down.†This investigation shows that in the acting business there are immense amounts of unemployed actors contrasted to the amount of employed actors, meaning the amount of actors working more than one job to fund their dream is vast in this particular industry. The pres sure on a working actor trying to succeed and keeping a foot in the door for a steady income can be highly stressful; actors usually find it hard to find time to keep up with everyday work (rehearsals, filming, learning lines) and finding time to work enough to afford food, rent and even travel.For this reason many unemployed actors find it difficult to pursue the dream of becoming an actor and afford to live their everyday life, â€Å"Having to contend with the pressures of rehearsal, production and performance while at the same time worrying about whether you’ll have enough money to pay the rent is worse than foolish† Henry and Rogers (2008, p. 10) which in turn results in them abandoning the actor’s aspirations. However, those lucky enough to achieve a desired income and a steady place in the acting business can come with a price.The criticism received with such fame can be discouraging, this is indicated in the study by Harrop (1992, p. 106), â€Å"The very worst kind of criticism is that written for the critic’s ego as an essay in dismissively clever language with no positive consciousness of the actor, who has to go out there and put him- or herself on the line. Such criticism can be personally destructive. † This quote shows that criticism can negatively affect an actor and their career; actors need a certain level of confidence to contain the ability to comfortably audition for roles and perform in front of an audience.Critical comments such as these can seriously harm an actor’s self-confidence. This shows the criticism such as personal stories or personal criticism (an actor’s lives, image or relationships) can be insensitive, embarrassing and can cause more harm than anticipated. Some personal stories in magazine articles and newspaper articles, surrounding a more famous actors’ relationship suggests that certain articles written about celebrities can be untrue and exaggerated, in regular cases such as this, actors’ lives and relationships can be used as a selling point.This can be mentally harmful to an actor and as seen below can affect their personal lives. Winona Ryder in Meikle (2004, p. 123) â€Å"I remember us desperately hating being hounded by paparazzi. It was horrible and it certainly took its toll on our relationship. Every day, we heard that we were either cheating on each other or that we were broken up, when we weren’t. † This research, surrounding an actor’s relationship suggests in regular cases such as this, actors’ lives and relationships can be used as a selling point and these stories can be untrue or exaggerated.This can be mentally harmful to an actor as seen in the quote above. Harrop (1992, p. 106) demonstrates â€Å"critics will have their own gaze, their own agendas: to establish their own careers; to sell news-papers†. Although the frequency of coverage aimed at a particular actor is damaging to their r eputation it can also highlight many other personal issues within the actor. Though it is not possible to ascertain the media as the fixed cause for raising psychological issues in an actor, existing research and media content still persists to support such a statement.To reiterate, the actors role in the industry is beyond simply learning lines and taking guidance from a director, the individual must have ‘creative instincts’ and unquestionably be determined to succeed, even when the media is always standing by to scrutinise their every move. When the dream of becoming an actor and securing the place in the business has come true more problems arise, in any profession, at any age a person will find that when aiming to be the professional desired, one will face hurdles and dream of reaching that goal and living ‘an easy life’.However, even when the goal is reached there will always be obstacles surrounding the role of the actor. â€Å"Many talented actors don’t succeed in show business because they simply forget the first rule: Show business is a business. † Garrison (2002, p. 1). If the actor has hunger and fortitude for acting, these hurdles will simply pass them by. Passion is the main ingredient to becoming an actor, if the actor has enough willpower for the occupation, the actor will strive to overcome all challenges to achieve this goal. ï » ¿The Role of the Actor in the Industry There is not one precise route to becoming an actor but there is a common direction most aspirant actors take. Training for an actor can be acquired in numerous ways. An actor could be trained academically, through studio schools or through pure experience. The young actors’ career will undoubtedly begin with pure experience through small scale performances. The small scale performances could take place through school, outside social clubs or other children’s associations.To begin the larger scale experiences, the hopeful actor would customarily attempt to be represented by an agent. Gaining an agent at such an early stage in the actors’ career is rather difficult. Therefore, joining an organisation such as The Spotlight is habitually the route actors take. The Spotlight is a small organisation with a massive output. It is the hub of the industry where you advertise yourself, whether you have an agent or not. It is essential that you are in it – it is the first port of call for virtually everybody who is casting productions.  (Dunmore, 1991, p. 35).In this research explains the necessity of being involved in The Spotlight organisation. It is explained as the ‘hub’ for getting jobs in the entire industry and is used by thousands of actors. Although the propaganda and necessity surrounding The Spotlight is endearing and unquestionably crucial, the cost behind it is another obstacle for ambitious actors. The academic training is the route most commonly followed as a start to the more professional acting career.The cost of studying in drama school is a very prevalent issue around Britain, especially due to the recently ascending expenses. Places such as ALRA, Arts Ed, Guildford School of Acting, Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts and Oxford School of Drama are only a small amount of the most popular schools around Britain. These particular schools offer Dance and Drama Awards to selected students. D&DAs are scholarships pro vided by the government to allow ‘the most talented students to attend independent Drama Schools.The D&DAs are usually offered to a small amount of students who would benefit from the training but cannot afford to pay the fees. (West, 2005, p. 11). Most actors will save up for years or be lucky enough to have a wealthy family willing to pay for the tuition fees. If not so lucky, an actor could write to an organisation/person to ask them to sponsor the actor through Drama College, providing the answer is positive the actor has received his tuition fees through being sponsored.Once the young actor has completed the training necessary, it is ordinarily required to obtain an agent. This is not essential, however â€Å"Once you’ve got a little bit of experience under your belt you’re ready to secure representation. It is not necessary for you to have an agent but an agent will offer you more opportunities than what you may have without one. † Westbrook (2012, p . 134). Gaining an agent, as stated previously is rather difficult to do.The actor could possibly send a letter to the agent asking the agent to represent the actor. This must be fulfilled once the agent is accepting unsolicited submissions. Other than writing a letter, the actor must make sure the agent sees the actor performing in a production and suggests an amalgamation. However, alas to common misconception the agent does not fulfil all of the work for the actor, the agent can only get auditions for the actor while the actor must get to the audition and obtain the part.An actor must be willing to deal with rejection, contrary to the popular stereotype of the ‘overnight celebrity’, an actor can struggle for years to break into the industry and never be noticed. The performer, like any other professional needs to put money aside to plan ahead for a successful career. The best way to proceed is to be able to devote yourself totally to the task of getting interviews an d jobs without worrying about supporting yourself for at least the first six months.Once you’ve arrived and had a chance to unpack you can pay attention to the real  task, which is getting a job. (Henry and Rogers, 2008 p. 35). As clearly stated the main aspects in the path to becoming an actor is financial issues, due to the low employment level a lot of aspiring actors’ struggle for money and end up working more than one job to fund their career path. Harrop (1992, p. 26) exclaims, â€Å"For every Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor, there are a hundred actors in line at the unemployment office, and a hundred more waiting to stand and serve them in any restaurant in which they might want to sit down.†This investigation shows that in the acting business there are immense amounts of unemployed actors contrasted to the amount of employed actors, meaning the amount of actors working more than one job to fund their dream is vast in this particular industry. The p ressure on a working actor trying to succeed and keeping a foot in the door for a steady income can be highly stressful; actors usually find it hard to find time to keep up with everyday work (rehearsals, filming, learning lines) and finding time to work enough to afford food, rent and even travel.For this reason many unemployed actors find it difficult to pursue the dream of becoming an actor and afford to live their everyday life, â€Å"Having to contend with the pressures of rehearsal, production and performance while at the same time worrying about whether you’ll have enough money to pay the rent is worse than foolish† Henry and Rogers (2008, p. 10) which in turn results in them abandoning the actor’s aspirations. However, those lucky enough to achieve a desired income and a steady place in the acting business can come with a price.The criticism received with such fame can be discouraging, this is indicated in the study by Harrop (1992, p. 106), â€Å"The v ery worst kind of criticism is that written for the critic’s ego as an essay in dismissively clever language with no positive consciousness of the actor, who has to go out there and put him- or herself on the line. Such criticism can be personally destructive. † This quote shows that criticism can negatively affect an actor and their career; actors need a certain level of confidence to contain the ability to comfortably audition for roles and perform in front of an audience.Critical comments such as these can seriously harm an actor’s self-confidence. This shows the criticism such as personal stories or personal criticism (an actor’s lives, image or relationships) can be insensitive, embarrassing and can cause more harm than anticipated. Some personal stories in magazine articles and newspaper articles, surrounding a more famous actors’ relationship suggests that certain articles written about celebrities can be untrue and exaggerated, in regular ca ses such as this, actors’ lives and relationships can be used as a selling point.This can be mentally harmful to an actor and as seen below can affect their personal lives. Winona Ryder in Meikle (2004, p. 123) â€Å"I remember us desperately hating being hounded by paparazzi. It was horrible and it certainly took its toll on our relationship. Every day, we heard that we were either cheating on each other or that we were broken up, when we weren’t. † This research, surrounding an actor’s relationship suggests in regular cases such as this, actors’ lives and relationships can be used as a selling point and these stories can be untrue or exaggerated.This can be mentally harmful to an actor as seen in the quote above. Harrop (1992, p. 106) demonstrates â€Å"critics will have their own gaze, their own agendas: to establish their own careers; to sell news-papers†. Although the frequency of coverage aimed at a particular actor is damaging to thei r reputation it can also highlight many other personal issues within the actor. Though it is not possible to ascertain the media as the fixed cause for raising psychological issues in an actor, existing research and media content still persists to support such a statement.To reiterate, the actors role in the industry is beyond simply learning lines and taking guidance from a director, the individual must have ‘creative instincts’ and unquestionably be determined to succeed, even when the media is always standing by to scrutinise their every move. When the dream of becoming an actor and securing the place in the business has come true more problems arise, in any profession, at any age a person will find that when aiming to be the professional desired, one will face hurdles and dream of reaching that goal and living ‘an easy life’.However, even when the goal is reached there will always be obstacles surrounding the role of the actor. â€Å"Many talented acto rs don’t succeed in show business because they simply forget the first rule: Show business is a business. † Garrison (2002, p. 1). If the actor has hunger and fortitude for acting, these hurdles will simply pass them by. Passion is the main ingredient to becoming an actor, if the actor has enough willpower for the occupation, the actor will strive to overcome all challenges to achieve this goal.

James Madison and Benjamin Franklin essays

James Madison and Benjamin Franklin essays James Madison studied both ancient and modern confederacies and decided that the confederacy wouldnt last if it only made rules to direct the state. The confederacy had to be good for the individuals of each state. Madison wrote a paper about confederacies and drew up an outline of a new system of government. This outline became the basis of the Virginia Plan. He supported the use of population in order to give larger states more power. He also recommended that the lower legislature be elected for shorter periods of time. Madison kept careful records of the Convention and took on a leading role in debates. Madison convinced his states delegates to support the constitution even though two Virginia leaders, George Mason and Edmund Randolph, were opposed to parts of the constitution. He also wrote 29 of the papers in The Federalist which was written to convince people in every state to ratify the constitution and spoke in favor of the constitution when Virginia was preparing to vote on ratification. Benjamin Franklin was 81 years old when he attended the Constitutional Convention. Franklin believed that instead of a president that the government should have an executive committee and a single legislature. Even though the things he wanted were not part of the constitution, he made an important speech on the last day of the convention asking everyone to accept the compromises and called for unanimous support of the constitution. When he made a motion for a vote that the constitution to be unanimously passed, his motion was immediately carried. James Madison was a young man when he attended the Constitutional Convention. He had studied and prepared a proposal for the constitution that he wanted used. He took a leading role in the debates and made many speeches in support of the constitution and wrote many articles to help get the constitution ratified. Benjamin Franklin was an old man and was in poor health b...

Ken Kesey, Novelist and Hero of 1960s Counterculture

Ken Kesey, Novelist and Hero of 1960s Counterculture Ken Kesey was an American writer who attained fame with his first novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest. He helped define the 1960s as both an innovative author and a flamboyant catalyst of the hippie movement. Fast Facts: Ken Kesey Born: September 17, 1935, in La Junta, ColoradoDied: November 10, 2001 in Eugene, OregonParents: Frederick A. Kesey and Geneva SmithSpouse: Norma Faye HaxbyChildren: Zane, Jed, Sunshine, and ShannonEducation: University of Oregon and Stanford UniversityMost Important Published Works: One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest (1962), Sometimes a Great Notion (1964). Known For: In addition to being an influential author, he was the leader of the Merry Pranksters and helped launch the 1960s counterculture and hippie movement. Early Life Ken Kesey was born September 17, 1935, in La Junta, Colorado. His parents were farmers, and after his father served in World War II, the family moved to Springfield, Oregon. Growing up, Kesey spent much of his time in the outdoors, fishing, hunting, and camping with his father and brothers. He also became involved in sports, especially high school football and wrestling, exhibiting a fierce drive to succeed. He picked up a love of storytelling from his maternal grandmother and a love of reading from his father. As a child he read typical fare for American boys at the time, including western tales by Zane Grey and the Tarzan books of Edgar Rice Burroughs. He also became an ardent fan of comic books. Attending the University of Oregon, Kesey studied journalism and communications. He excelled as a collegiate wrestler as well as at writing. After graduating from college in 1957, he won a scholarship to a prestigious writing program at Stanford University. Kesey married his high school girlfriend, Fay Haxby, in 1956. The couple moved to California for Kesey to attend Stanford and fell into a lively crowd of artists and writers. Classmates of Kesey included writers Robert Stone and Larry McMurtry. Kesey, with his outgoing and competitive personality, was often the center of attention and the Kesey house in a neighborhood called Perry Lane became a popular gathering place for literary discussions and parties. The atmosphere at Stanford was inspiring. Teachers in the writing program included authors Frank OConnor, Wallace Stegner, and Malcolm Cowley. Kesey learned to experiment with his prose. He wrote a novel, Zoo, which was based on the bohemian residents of San Francisco. The novel was never published, but it was an important learning process for Kesey. To make extra money while in graduate school, Kesey became a paid subject in experiments studying the effects of drugs on the human mind. As part of the US Army studies, he was given psychedelic drugs, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and instructed to report on its effects. After ingesting the drugs and experiencing profound effects, Keseys writing was transformed, as was his personality. He became fascinated with the potential of psychoactive chemicals, and began experimenting with other substances. Success and Rebellion While working a part-time job as an attendant in a mental ward, Kesey was inspired to write what became his breakthrough novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, published in 1962. One night, while taking peyote and observing patients in the mental ward, Kesey conceived the story of the inmates in a prison mental hospital. The narrator of his novel, the Native American Chief Broom, sees the world through a mental haze influenced by Keseys drug experiences. The protagonist, McMurphy, has feigned mental illness to avoid laboring on a prison work farm. Once inside the asylum, he finds himself subverting the rules imposed by the institutions rigid authority figure, Nurse Ratched. McMurphy became a classic American rebel character. A teacher from Stanford, Malcolm Cowley, had given him editorial advice, and with Cowleys guidance Kesey turned undisciplined prose, some of it written while under the influence of psychedelics, into a powerful novel. One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest was published to positive reviews and Keseys career seemed assured. He wrote a another novel, Sometimes a Great Notion, the story of an Oregon logging family. It wasnt as successful, but by the time it was published Kesey had essentially moved beyond mere writing. The theme of rebellion vs. conformity became a central theme in both his writing and his life. The Merry Pranksters By 1964 he had gathered a collection of eccentric friends, dubbed the Merry Pranksters, who experimented with psychedelic drugs and multi-media art projects. That year, Kesey and the Pranksters traveled across America, from the West Coast to New York City, on a garishly painted converted school bus they named Further. (The name was originally misspelled as Furthur, and appears that way in some accounts.) Dressed in colorful patterned clothes, a few years before hippie fashion became widely known, they naturally attracted stares. That was the point. Kesey and his friends, which included Neal Cassady, the prototype for Dean Moriarity in Jack Kerouacs novel On the Road, delighted in shocking people. Merry Pranksters on Further, their fabled bus, in San Franciso, 1965. Getty Images Kesey had brought along a supply of LSD, which was still legal. When the bus was pulled over by the police on several occasions, the Pranksters explained they were filmmakers. The drug culture that would scandalize America was still a few years in the future, and the cops seemed to shrug off the Pranksters as something akin to eccentric circus performers. An official from the Smithsonian was quoted as saying it was not a typical bus, adding Its historical context is important for what it meant to the literary world of a certain generation. The original bus, the article noted, was at that time rusting away in an Oregon field. It never was acquired by the Smithsonian, though Kesey at times pranked reporters into believing he was preparing to drive it cross-country and present it to the museum. The Acid Tests Back on the West Coast in 1965, Kesey and the Pranksters organized a series of parties they called The Acid Tests. The events featured the ingestion of LSD, bizarre films and slide shows, and free-form rock music by a local band, which soon began calling itself the Grateful Dead. The events became notorious, as did a party at Keseys ranch in La Honda, California, which was attended by other counterculture heroes, including poet Allen Ginsberg and journalist Hunter S. Thompson. Kesey became the heroic main character of journalist Tom Wolfes deeply reported chronicle of the San Francisco hippie scene, The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test. The Wolfe book solidified Keseys reputation as a leader of the burgeoning counterculture. And the basic pattern of the acid tests, exuberant parties with rampant drug use, rock music, and light shows, set a pattern which became standard in rock concerts for years. Kesey was arrested for possession of marijuana and briefly fled to Mexico to avoid going to jail. When he returned, he was sentenced to six months on a prison farm. Once released he backed off from active involvement in hippie adventures, settled with his wife and children in Oregon, and joined his relatives in the dairy business. Author Ken Kesey at a 1991 public reading. Getty Images   When the film of One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest became a hit in 1975, Kesey objected to how it had been adapted. However, the film was wildly successful, sweeping the 1976 Oscars with five awards, including Best Picture. Despite Keseys refusal to even watch the film, it propelled him from his quiet life on an Oregon farm back into the public eye. Over time he began writing and publishing again. His later novels were not as successful as his first one, but he regularly attracted a devoted following at public appearances. As something of a hippie elder statesman, Kesey continued to write and give speeches until his death. Ken Kesey died in Eugene, Oregon, on November 10, 2001. His obituary in The New York Times called him the Pied Piper of the hippie era and a magnetic leader who had been a bridge between the Beat writers of the 1950s and the cultural movement that began in San Francisco in the mid-1960s and spread across the world. Sources: Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher. Ken Kesey, Author of Cuckoos Nest, Who Defined the Psychedelic Era, Dies at 66. New York Times, 11 November 2001, p. 46.Kesey, Ken. Gale Contextual Encyclopedia of American Literature, vol. 2, Gale, 2009, pp. 878-881. Gale Virtual Reference Library.Kesey, Ken. The Sixties in America Reference Library, edited by Sara Pendergast and Tom Pendergast, vol. 2: Biographies, UXL, 2005, pp. 118-126. Gale Virtual Reference Library.

An analysis of the labour market conditions within setting bussiness Essay

An analysis of the labour market conditions within setting bussiness. And a critical reflection on your own internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as the ex - Essay Example Although the features of labour market conditions vary due to market forces, plurastic and regionalistic factors with socio-economic influences, they could be broadly be divided into four main divisions which are as follows: - This market is chiefly constituted of medium and large-scale commercial agricultural activities, including cultivation and distribution of crops. Proprietorship or partnership firms chiefly own them. Most of the workers engaged in the formal rural markets are unskilled and semi-educated and their main activities are in the areas of crops and agricultural produce. This market segment is chiefly indulging in small-scale operations involving self employed persons along with the assistance of unpaid family members. Like formal rural markets, this segment is also characterized by unskilled or semi-skilled labour force who are involved in small-scale activities with low productivity and hence, low level of wages. The main functions in informal rural markets are in the raising of exportable cash crops. This segment consists chiefly of Medium and Large Scale enterprises producing commercial and non-tradable goods using a combination of skilled and semi-skilled workers. They constitute private or state owned enterprises where the wage levels are regulated by the Government and by local state laws. The requirements of Minimum Wages and Allowances and benefits to workmen are also applicable in this segment. Since this market segment is in the regulated area, the workers and staff are protected by the Trade Labour Unions, who play an important role in labour matters, and trade unionism activities are also present in this segment This segment comprises of self-employed professionals in the urbanized sector and represents privately owned enterprises. They are mainly dealing with manufacturing, trading and distribution of non-tradable items and this segment is, more often than not, in the unregulated sector. The wages and job security in these